@conference {2012,
	title = {Team dynamics in long-standing technology-supported virtual teams},
	booktitle = {Academy of Management Annual Meeting, Organizational Behaviour Division},
	year = {2012},
	month = {8/2012},
	address = {Boston, MA},
	attachments = {https://crowston.syr.edu/sites/crowston.syr.edu/files/ACADEMY\%20PAPER\%20FINAL.pdf},
	author = {Misiolek, Nora and Kevin Crowston and Joshua Seymour}
}
@article {9999,
	title = {Leadership in self-managing virtual teams},
	year = {2010},
	month = {12/2010},
	publisher = {Syracuse University School of Information Studies},
	abstract = {In this paper, we present a theory of leadership in self-managing virtual teams. We are particularly interested in self-managing virtual teams because self-management seems to be a common phenomenon in teams that interact primarily through information technology (so-called virtual teams). Building on leadership theory and structuration theory, the theory describes leadership as a process that results in the reinforcement, creation and evolution of ongoing structures and distinguishes between two types of leadership. We identify first-order leadership as leadership that works within and reinforces existing structures to elicit and guide group contributions.
We define second-order leadership as behavior that effects changes in the structure that guides group action. We argue that second-order leadership is enabled by first-order leadership, is therefore action embedded, and is grounded in processes that define the social identity of the team. We propose that effective self-managing virtual teams will exhibit a paradoxical combination of shared, distributed first-order leadership complemented by strong, concentrated, and centralized second-order leadership. We conclude by presenting a set of research questions and suggestions for future research.},
	attachments = {https://crowston.syr.edu/sites/crowston.syr.edu/files/JOB\%20REVISED\%20to\%20distribute.pdf},
	author = {Kevin Crowston and Heckman, Robert and Misiolek, Nora}
}
@article {2007,
	title = {Emergent leadership in self-organizing virtual teams (Poster)},
	year = {2007},
	address = {Montr{\'e}al, Qu{\'e}bec, Canada, 9{\textendash}12 Dec},
	keywords = {FLOSS, Leadership},
	attachments = {https://crowston.syr.edu/sites/crowston.syr.edu/files/20081204\%20ICIS\%20Poster_v.5.1.pdf},
	author = {Heckman, Robert and Kevin Crowston and Misiolek, Nora and Eseryel, U. Yeliz}
}
@proceedings {Heckman:2007a,
	title = {A structurational perspective on leadership in virtual teams},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {151{\textendash}168},
	publisher = {Springer},
	address = {Portland, OR},
	abstract = {Building on behavioural leadership theory and structuration theory, we present a two-order theory of leadership. It describes four classes of first-order leadership behaviours (task coordination, substantive task contribution, group maintenance and boundary spanning) and defines second-order leadership as behaviour that influences changes in the structure that guides group action. We argue that second-order leadership is enabled by first-order leadership and is therefore action embedded and grounded in processes that define the social identity of the group. We propose that effective virtual teams will exhibit a paradoxical combination of shared, distributed first-order leadership complemented by strong, concentrated, and centralized second-order leadership. We conclude by suggesting future research that might be conducted to test and further elaborate our theory.},
	keywords = {FLOSS, Leadership},
	doi = {10.1007/978-0-387-73025-7_12},
	attachments = {https://crowston.syr.edu/sites/crowston.syr.edu/files/AStructurationalPerspectiveOnLeadership.pdf},
	author = {Heckman, Robert and Kevin Crowston and Misiolek, Nora},
	editor = {Kevin Crowston and Seiber, Sandra}
}
