@article {Crowston:2009,
	title = {Free/Libre Open Source Software Development: What we know and what we do not know},
	journal = {ACM Computing Surveys},
	volume = {44},
	year = {2012},
	month = {02/2012},
	edition = {2},
	abstract = {We review the empirical research on Free/Libre and Open Source Software (FLOSS) development and assess the state of the literature. We develop a framework for organizing the literature based on the input-mediator-output- input (IMOI) model from the small groups literature. We present a quantitative summary of articles selected for the review and then discuss findings of this literature categorized into issues pertaining to inputs (e.g., member characteristics, technology use and project characteristics), processes (software development and social processes), emergent states (e.g., trust and task related states) and outputs (e.g. team performance, FLOSS implementation and project evolution). Based on this review, we suggest topics for future research, as well as identifying methodological and theoretical issues for future inquiry in this area, including issues relating to sampling and the need for more longitudinal studies.},
	doi = {10.1145/2089125.2089127},
	attachments = {https://crowston.syr.edu/sites/crowston.syr.edu/files/CrowstonFLOSSReviewPaperPreprint.pdf , https://crowston.syr.edu/sites/crowston.syr.edu/files/Appendix\%201\%20Journal\%20and\%20Conference\%20Names.pdf , https://crowston.syr.edu/sites/crowston.syr.edu/files/Appendix\%202\%20Coding\%20Scheme.pdf , https://crowston.syr.edu/sites/crowston.syr.edu/files/Appendix\%203\%20Studies\%20included\%20in\%20the\%20review.pdf},
	author = {Kevin Crowston and Kangning Wei and James Howison and Wiggins, Andrea}
}
@article {2012,
	title = {The future of citizen science: emerging technologies and shifting paradigms},
	journal = {Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2012},
	month = {08/2012},
	pages = {298{\textendash}304},
	abstract = {<p>Citizen science creates a nexus between science and education that, when coupled with emerging technologies, expands the frontiers of ecological research and public engagement. Using representative technologies and other examples, we examine the future of citizen science in terms of its research processes, program and participant cultures, and scientific communities. Future citizen-science projects will likely be influenced by sociocultural issues related to new technologies and will continue to face practical programmatic challenges. We foresee networked, open science and the use of online computer/video gaming as important tools to engage non-traditional audiences, and offer recommendations to help prepare project managers for impending challenges. A more formalized citizen-science enterprise, complete with networked organizations, associations, journals, and cyberinfrastructure, will advance scientific research, including ecology, and further public education.</p>},
	issn = {1540-9295},
	doi = {10.1890/110294},
	url = {http://www.esajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1890/110294},
	author = {Newman, Greg and Wiggins, Andrea and Crall, Alycia and Graham, Eric and Newman, Sarah and Kevin Crowston}
}
@conference {2011,
	title = {From Conservation to Crowdsourcing: A Typology of Citizen Science},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the Forty-fourth Hawai{\textquoteright}i International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS-44)},
	year = {2011},
	month = {1/2011},
	address = {Koloa, HI},
	abstract = {<p>Citizen science is a form of research collaboration involving members of the public in scientific research projects to address real-world problems. Often organized as a virtual collaboration, these projects are a type of open movement, with collective goals addressed through open participation in research tasks. Existing typologies of citizen science projects focus primarily on the structure of participation, paying little attention to the organizational and macrostructural properties that are important to designing and managing effective projects and technologies. By examining a variety of project characteristics, we identified five types{\textemdash}Action, Conservation, Investigation, Virtual, and Education{\textemdash}that differ in primary project goals and the importance of physical environment to participation.</p>},
	attachments = {https://crowston.syr.edu/sites/crowston.syr.edu/files/hicss-44.pdf},
	author = {Wiggins, Andrea and Kevin Crowston}
}
