%0 Conference Proceedings %B Proceedings of the IFIP Working Group 8.2/9.5 Working Conference on Virtuality and Virtualization %D 2007 %T A structurational perspective on leadership in virtual teams %A Heckman, Robert %A Kevin Crowston %A Misiolek, Nora %E Kevin Crowston %E Seiber, Sandra %K FLOSS %K Leadership %X Building on behavioural leadership theory and structuration theory, we present a two-order theory of leadership. It describes four classes of first-order leadership behaviours (task coordination, substantive task contribution, group maintenance and boundary spanning) and defines second-order leadership as behaviour that influences changes in the structure that guides group action. We argue that second-order leadership is enabled by first-order leadership and is therefore action embedded and grounded in processes that define the social identity of the group. We propose that effective virtual teams will exhibit a paradoxical combination of shared, distributed first-order leadership complemented by strong, concentrated, and centralized second-order leadership. We conclude by suggesting future research that might be conducted to test and further elaborate our theory. %B Proceedings of the IFIP Working Group 8.2/9.5 Working Conference on Virtuality and Virtualization %I Springer %C Portland, OR %P 151–168 %G eng %R 10.1007/978-0-387-73025-7_12 %> https://crowston.syr.edu/sites/crowston.syr.edu/files/AStructurationalPerspectiveOnLeadership.pdf